Castel 4010
| Variety Passport | |
| Country of origin: | France |
| Breeder: | Pierre Castel |
| Variety number VIVC: | 2212 |
| Prime name: | Castel 4010 |
| Principal Synonyms: | 4010 Ci |
| Year of obtaining / registration: | obtained in 1906 |
| Pedigree given by breeder: | Vitis Riparia variety Grand Glabre × Aramon Rupestris Ganzin №1 |
| Pedigree confirmed by markers: | Riparia Grand Glabre x Ganzin 1 |
| Rootstock type: | Nematode-resistant, Acid-soil tolerant |
| Data Sources: | Vitis International Variety Catalogue (VIVC), INRAE (France) |
| Agrobiology | |
| Vigor: | medium |
| Flower type: | male |
| Active lime tolerance: | 6% |
| Nematode susceptibility: | 2 points (resistant) |
| Root phylloxera susceptibility: | 3 points (low resistance) |
| Rooting ability: | high |
| Graft compatibility with Vitis vinifera: | high |
| Recommended soil types: | acidic soils with very little or no limestone, rather deep, including compact but with a sufficient water input. |
| Ampelographic overview |
Origin history and economic significance
The rootstock variety Castel 4010 was obtained in 1906 by the French breeder Pierre Castel. The variety is an interspecific hybrid from crossing Vitis riparia variety Grand glabre and Aramon Rupestris Ganzin number 1. In France, the total area of vineyards grafted onto this rootstock is approximately 600 hectares, with Aquitaine being the main region of its economic use. The rootstock Castel 4010 provides a fairly high vigor to the scions and tends to favor their fertility. Additionally, this rootstock variety stimulates an earlier onset of the vegetative growing cycles in grafted plants.
Morphological description of the rootstock variety Castel 4010
Research scientists have described the following morphological characteristics of the grapevine rootstock Castel 4010:
- Young shoot (tip): the tip of the young shoot is half open, characterized by the complete absence or very low density of prostrate hairs. Young leaves have a distinct bronze coloration.
- Shoot: young shoots possess a smooth surface and a moderate to strong anthocyanin coloration.
- Formed leaf: mature leaves are large, kidney-shaped (reniform), with slightly rolled inward margins. The petiolar sinus is open, brace-shaped.
- Flower type: male. No clusters are formed.
- Mature vine: lignified shoots have a brownish-red to purplish surface, characterized by the complete absence of erect and prostrate hairs.
Features of agricultural techniques in nursery production
The variety Castel 4010 provides moderate productivity in rootstock vine yield in mother blocks, which amounts to 30,000 to 40,000 meters of finished cuttings per hectare. Under industrial nursery conditions, this rootstock is characterized by a good rooting capacity of cuttings and good affinity with most scions of Vitis vinifera. A specific feature of the considered rootstock is poor magnesium absorption from the soil, and its tolerance to active limestone is low, not exceeding 6%. The variety Castel 4010 possesses moderate tolerance to the root form of phylloxera, and therefore it is recommended to plant it under conditions unfavorable for this pest. At the same time, the resistance of the rootstock to soil nematodes Meloidogyne arenaria and Meloidogyne incognita is evaluated as good.