Mathiasz Janosne

Main Characteristics

The grape variety Mathiasz Janosne was bred in Hungary by the breeder Mátyás János through the hybridization of Chasselas Violet and Muscat Ottonel. The variety is named in honor of the famous breeder's wife (the suffix "-né" in the Hungarian language means "wife of"). It is distributed mainly in its homeland, occurs in Moldavia, and was regionalized in the Ukrainian SSR since 1958 in certain areas of the Zakarpattia, Zaporizhzhia, and Kirovohrad regions. The variety belongs to the early-medium ripening group: 135 days pass from the beginning of bud burst to harvest maturity under a sum of active temperatures of 2616 °C. Harvest maturity of the berries occurs in the first and second decades of September. The bushes are characterized by medium and below-medium vigor, and cane ripening is good.

The Mathiasz Janosne grape variety is highly productive (under the conditions of the Lower Dnieper sands for the period 1955–1972, the average yield was 71 c/ha, with a maximum of 263 c/ha, and at the Prymorske State Variety Trial Plot of the Zaporizhzhia region for 1964–1974, it was 79.8 c/ha). The bunches are of medium size or large, cylindric-conical, of medium density or loose, with an average weight of 150–230 g. The berry is of medium size, almost round, bright wine-red, covered with a bluish waxy bloom (pruin), which gives it a violet tint. The skin is quite thick but tears easily; the flesh is meaty, slightly crunchy. The taste is among the best, of excellent quality, with a very strong muscat flavor and low acidity. The berries contain 2–4 medium-sized seeds. The juice sugar content is 18.9% with a titratable acidity of 4 g/l. Grapes can remain on the bushes for a long time and feature high transportability characteristics. The average organoleptic score over many years is 8.8 points, and the Mathiasz Janosne grape variety is used for fresh consumption.

Morphological Description of Mathiasz Janosne Grape Variety

• Young shoot (apex): The apex and the first leaves of the young shoot are wine-red with heavy araneose pubescence on the lower side. The shoots are also intensely colored wine-red.
• Leaf: The leaf is of medium size, three- or five-lobed, deeply cleft, resembling the leaf of the Chasselas variety. The leaf blade is dark green, funnel-shaped curved, with wine-red-violet veins. The pubescence on the lower surface of the leaf and on the veins is bristly. Autumn leaf coloration is yellow with brown spots.
• Sinuses and recesses: The upper lateral sinuses are open, lyre-shaped, sometimes slit-like; the lower sinuses are small, open, lyre-shaped, or in the form of an incoming angle. The petiolar sinus is closed and slit-like or open and narrowly lanceolate.
• Teeth: The terminal teeth are sharp and curved. The marginal teeth are triangular and small.
• Bunch: Medium size (18–20 cm long, 10–11 cm wide) or large, cylindric-conical, of medium density or loose. The bunch stems and pedicels are intensely wine-red, becoming woody during the ripening period. The bunch stem is of medium length (up to 4 cm).
• Berry: Medium size (16 mm long, 15 mm wide), almost round, bright wine-red with a bluish pruin.
• Saplings: Characterized by spreading shoots with intensely wine-red colored, weakly pubescent tips. The leaves of the saplings are three-lobed and dark green.

Features of Agrotechnics

The Mathiasz Janosne grape variety demonstrates exceptionally high fertility indicators: an average of up to 77% of productive shoots on the bushes. The average number of bunches per developed shoot is 1.2, and per productive shoot is 1.5, with many shoots developing two, and sometimes three bunches. The replacement buds are also mostly productive. The V.E. Tairov Institute recommends leaving 5–7 buds per cane for this variety, with mandatory shoot and inflorescence thinning. Vineyards of the Mathiasz Janosne grape variety require increased doses of fertilizers. The rootstocks Berlandieri × Riparia Teleki 5C, Kober 5BB, and Riparia × Rupestris 101-14 are recommended as the best.

The resistance indicators of the Mathiasz Janosne grape variety are quite low: it is susceptible to mildew, severely affected by gray rot (up to 40% of berries in unfavorable years), and grape berry moths (up to 50% of berries in certain years). The degree of winter hardiness and frost resistance is low: the bushes must be covered for the winter, except for the southernmost regions. The drought resistance of the variety is also insufficient. A noticeable reduction in yield can be caused by unfavorable weather conditions during the flowering period: poor shedding of calyptras (flower caps) leads to flower dropping and subsequent berry shot (millerandage). The mechanical properties of the berries are high, ensuring excellent transportability: the average berry crushing resistance is 923 g, and the detachment force from the pedicels is 270 g.