Tygyz

Main characteristics of Tygyz grapes

The Tygyz variety is a fairly widespread Dagestani technical grape variety of folk selection. Locally, it is widely known under the synonym Sykh narma, which translates as "dense Narma" and directly indicates its key biological distinction of extremely dense bunches. This cultivar belongs to the category of universal table-wine varieties of the mid-season ripening period. Vineyard productivity is characterized as high and consistent, demonstrating stable indicators over the years.

Morphological characteristics of vegetative and generative organs of the variety:

• Formed leaf: Medium-sized, light green, deeply sectioned, and five-lobed. The leaf blade is relatively thin and delicate in structure, with a distinct wavy-funnel-shaped form and characteristically downturned margins. The upper surface is completely smooth. The lower surface is bare or covered with sparse, isolated bristles located exclusively on the main veins.
• Leaf incisions and sinuses: Upper incisions are deep, less frequently of medium depth, closed with distinct elliptical openings; in some cases, open lyre-shaped incisions with a strongly narrowed mouth are recorded. The bottom of the incisions is sharp, very often equipped with a distinct spur. Lower incisions are of medium depth and mirror the outlines of the upper ones. The petiolar sinus is closed, with deep overlapping of the lower lobes and a complete absence of an opening or with a narrow elliptical (fusiform) opening. One or two spurs are frequently formed at the bottom of the petiolar sinus, located on both sides of the petiole.
• Teeth: Small and triangular at the ends of the leaf lobes, with sharp apexes. Marginal teeth are small, triangular, characterized by strongly convex sides and sharp or slightly rounded ends. On young apical leaves, the marginal serration has a dome-shaped form.
• Bunch: Medium-sized or large, with a length within 15–22 cm. The shape is conical, and the structure is characterized by very high density. In typical cases, prominent upper lobes extending to the sides ("shoulders") develop.
• Berry: Medium-sized, round or weakly oval. Due to extreme compression inside very dense bunches, the berries frequently acquire a deformed, irregular shape. The coloration is greenish-white, turning light yellow with a distinct brown sunburn when grown in open sun. The surface is covered with a thick white waxy bloom. The skin is thick and coarse, and the pulp is dense and fleshy.

Agricultural practices of the Tygyz variety

Vines stand out for their above-medium growth vigor. The plants possess hermaphroditic flowers, ensuring high fruit set within the dense structure of the infolrescences. Due to its stable yield indicators, the cultivar is recognized as promising for extensive production trials under the conditions of the Dagestan ASSR, as well as in the covered viticulture zone of the Rostov region.

Consumption and harvest processing capabilities

The technological potential of the harvest is determined by its dense pulp and harmonious flavor profile: the taste is ordinary and sweet, with a pleasant refreshing acidity. During ripening, the berries are capable of intensively accumulating sugars, with limit indicators reaching 20–22%. A significant technological feature is the rapid loss of juice acidity at the final stages of ripening. The industrial qualities of the grape are not fully understood because the harvested crop is traditionally processed in a general blend with other white varieties of the region, primarily with Narma.