Birolleau 1
| Variety Passport | |
| Country of origin: | France |
| Variety number VIVC: | 4028 |
| Prime name: | Birolleau 1 |
| Breeding number: | RSB 1 |
| Principal Synonyms: | RSB 1, Resseguier 1, Resseguier 107, Resseguier Selection Birolleau 1 |
| Year of obtaining / registration: | obtained in 1896 |
| Pedigree given by breeder: | Vitis Berlandieri × Vitis Riparia |
| Rootstock type: | Phylloxera-resistant, Lime-tolerant |
| Data Sources: | Vitis International Variety Catalogue (VIVC), INRAE (France) |
| Agrobiology | |
| Vigor: | vigorous |
| Flower type: | female |
| Active lime tolerance: | 20% |
| Drought tolerance: | resistant |
| Waterlogging tolerance: | high |
| Root phylloxera susceptibility: | 1 point (highly resistant) |
| Rooting ability: | medium |
| Graft compatibility with Vitis vinifera: | high |
| Recommended soil types: | Not very fertile and limestone soils, well suited to temporary water excess during the spring |
| Ampelographic overview |
Origin and economic importance
The rootstock variety Rességuier Sélection Birolleau 1 was obtained in 1896 by researchers Léné, Birolleau, and Lafon. The variety results from the crossbreeding of Vitis berlandieri and Vitis riparia, derived from Euryale Rességuier. It is well adapted to not very fertile and limestone soils. This rootstock demonstrates high resistance to iron chlorosis, withstanding up to 20% of "active" limestone and up to 40% of "total" limestone with a limestone chlorosis index (ICP) of 50. A weak capacity to absorb magnesium is also a biological characteristic of the vine.
The variety Rességuier Sélection Birolleau 1 is suited to regions with a risk of spring flooding, as it effectively tolerates temporary water excess in the soil during spring, and also possesses good resistance to summer drought. The rootstock is highly tolerant to the root form of phylloxera.
When grafted, the rootstock Rességuier Sélection Birolleau 1 is characterized by a good affinity with European scions. Combinations on its basis develop high vigor, which is most intense during the first 15 years of the vineyard's life. The use of this form induces fairly high yields. Excellent technological compatibility is noted in combination with the Ugni blanc scion variety. When using the certified clone number 109, local joining problems during the components' grafting may sometimes occur in production.
Ampelographic description of the rootstock variety Rességuier Sélection Birolleau 1
The identification of the rootstock Rességuier Sélection Birolleau 1 is based on the following morphological characteristics:
- Young shoot (tip): The tip of the young shoot is half open with a medium density of prostrate hairs.
- Young leaves: They possess a slightly bronzed appearance on the surface.
- Shoots: Elongated, with a distinctly ribbed surface. The coloration of the internodes is green, and the nodes on the ventral side are red. On the dorsal side, the internodes are red. A low density of erect hairs is observed on the nodes. The tendrils have a bifid or trifid structure.
- Adult leaf: Adult leaves are large, dark green, and wedge-shaped. The leaf blade is blistered, in some cases slightly revolute, undulate between the main veins, and folded near the petiole sinus. The petiole sinus is open and lyre-shaped. The anthocyanin coloration of the main veins is weak. On the lower side of the leaf blade, a low to medium density of erect hairs is noted.
- Flower: Functionally female type.
- Berry: Very small in size and round-shaped. The skin coloration is blue-black.
- Woody shoot: The lignified shoots are dark brown in color.
Nursery management attributes
The rootstock variety Rességuier Sélection Birolleau 1 demonstrates very high wood production in mother vines, yielding from 50,000 to 90,000 meters of useful wood per hectare. Collected cuttings are characterized by long internodes with a medium to large cross-sectional diameter. The cutting rooting capacity and the output in bench grafting are evaluated as moderate, which is especially pronounced when performing the technological cycle with Ugni blanc scions.