Richter 110
| Variety Passport | |
| Country of origin: | France |
| Breeder: | Georg-Franz Richter |
| Variety number VIVC: | 10065 |
| Prime name: | Richter 110 |
| Breeding number: | 110 R |
| Principal Synonyms: | 110 R, Berlandieri X Rupestris 110 Richter, 110 Richter |
| Year of obtaining / registration: | obtained in 1902 |
| Pedigree given by breeder: | Vitis berlandieri cv. Rességuier n°2 × Vitis rupestris cv. Martin |
| Pedigree confirmed by markers: | Berlandieri Gaillard x Rupestris du Lot |
| Rootstock type: | Phylloxera-resistant |
| Data Sources: | Vitis International Variety Catalogue (VIVC), INRAE (France) |
| Agrobiology | |
| Vigor: | vigorous |
| Lateral shoot formation: | strong |
| Flower type: | male |
| Active lime tolerance: | 17% |
| Drought tolerance: | resistant |
| Waterlogging tolerance: | low |
| Nematode susceptibility: | 3 points (low resistance) |
| Root phylloxera susceptibility: | 1 point (highly resistant) |
| Rooting ability: | low |
| Graft compatibility with Vitis vinifera: | medium |
| Recommended soil types: | Dry, poor, stony, with no or very little limestone soils, such as schist soils or ancient terraces. |
| Ampelographic overview |
Origin and Agronomic Importance
The grape rootstock Richter 110 was obtained by the French breeder of German origin, Franz Richter, in 1902 through the crossbreeding of Vitis berlandieri cv. Rességuier n°2 and Vitis rupestris cv. Martin. The variety name is officially registered in France. This rootstock is widely distributed, with the mother vine surface area in France covering approximately 130 000 hectares, predominantly in the Languedoc-Roussillon, Midi-Pyrénées, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Rhône-Alpes, and Corsica regions.
The rootstock Richter 110 is characterized by a very high tolerance to the root form of phylloxera. Its resistance to the nematodes Meloidogyne incognita and Meloidogyne arenaria is classified as average. It also demonstrates sufficient resistance to Phytophtora cinnamomi. The rootstock variety Richter 110 shows excellent adaptation to drought conditions but remains highly sensitive to soil water excess. In mother plantations, this variety reacts negatively to excessive soil moisture.
This grape rootstock confers strong vigor to the graft. The rootstock Richter 110 tends to induce good fertility, delays the vegetative cycle, and retards maturation. In certain instances, particularly when combined with Ugni blanc, it can promote coulure. It demonstrates excellent compatibility with Cabernet-Sauvignon, Caladoc, Carignan, Grenache, Marselan, Mourvèdre, Muscat à petits grains blancs, Muscat d'Alexandrie, Tempranillo, and Vermentino. However, due to the risk of chlorosis, its association with Syrah must be avoided when the active limestone content exceeds 5%, as this combination increases the risk of vine decline; a similar, though less pronounced, risk applies to Viognier. Cases of incompatibility have also been documented with Pinot.
Ampelographic Description of the Rootstock Variety Richter 110
The identification of the rootstock Richter 110 is based on the following morphological characteristics:
- Young shoot: The tip of the young shoot is half-opened, with a low density of prostrate hairs.
- Young leaves: Shiny, with a distinct reddish coloration.
- Growing shoot: The shoots are erect. The shoot surface is ribbed, with a circular or slightly elliptic cross-section. The surface is striated (striped), exhibiting moderate to strong anthocyanin coloration. Hairs are completely absent.
- Adult leaf: The leaf blade is small to medium in size, kidney-shaped, shiny, and entire. The surface is slightly blistered, with the blade margins gutter-folded towards the upper side. The petiole sinus is widely open and U-shaped. A strong anthocyanin coloration is present in the veins. The teeth are medium with straight sides. The lower side of the leaf features no or a very low density of hairs.
- Inflorescence (flower type): Male flowers.
- Woody shoot: The lignified canes are brownish-grey or brownish-red in color, completely lacking any hair density.
Nursery Management and Propagation Features
The cane length of the rootstock Richter 110 is medium, with a fairly large diameter. The variety exhibits high lateral shoot bud growth. Total wood production is low to moderate, yielding between 30 000 and 60 000 meters of certified canes per hectare, occasionally including a certain proportion of dry canes. Enhanced technological care must be taken to ensure proper cane lignification and strict adherence to appropriate storage conditions. The grape rootstock Richter 110 possesses a low to moderate cuttings rooting capacity and a moderate grafting aptitude. During bench grafting, it may require a longer stratification period and a slightly more substantial hormonal treatment to stimulate optimal callus formation.