Paulsen 1103
| Variety Passport | |
| Country of origin: | Italy |
| Breeder: | Federico Paulsen |
| Variety number VIVC: | 9023 |
| Prime name: | Paulsen 1103 |
| Breeding number: | 1103 |
| Principal Synonyms: | 1103 P, Berlandieri X Rupestris 1103, BXR 1103 Paulsen |
| Year of obtaining / registration: | obtained in 1896 |
| Pedigree given by breeder: | Berlandieri Resseguier 2 x Rupestris du Lot |
| Pedigree confirmed by markers: | Berlandieri Resseguier 2 x Rupestris du Lot |
| Rootstock type: | Phylloxera-resistant, Acid-soil tolerant, Salt-tolerant |
| Data Sources: | Vitis International Variety Catalogue (VIVC), INRAE (France) |
| Agrobiology | |
| Vigor: | vigorous |
| Lateral shoot formation: | strong |
| Flower type: | male |
| Active lime tolerance: | 17% |
| Salinity tolerance: | resistant |
| Drought tolerance: | resistant |
| Waterlogging tolerance: | medium |
| Nematode susceptibility: | 3 points (low resistance) |
| Root phylloxera susceptibility: | 1 point (highly resistant) |
| Rooting ability: | medium |
| Graft compatibility with Vitis vinifera: | high |
| Recommended soil types: | Compact, acidic soils with a possible significant temporary spring humidity, as well as conditions with chloride presence. |
| Ampelographic overview |
Origin and Agronomic Importance
The grape rootstock Paulsen 1103 was obtained by the Sicilian breeder Federico Paulsen in 1896 through the crossbreeding of Vitis berlandieri cv. Rességuier number 2 and Vitis rupestris cv. Lot. The variety name is registered in France, where the estimated surface area covers approximately 9 000 hectares, predominantly in the Charentes, Languedoc-Roussillon, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Corsica, and Aquitaine regions.
The variety is highly tolerant to the root form of phylloxera. Its resistance to the root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne incognita is classified as moderate, while it remains sensitive to Meloidogyne arenaria. This rootstock variety is excellent adapted to drought conditions and compact soils. It resists up to 17% of active limestone (up to 30% of total limestone with an ICP of 30), is well suited to acidic soils, and exhibits a fairly good tolerance to chlorides. Unlike many drought-resistant forms, it is adapted to temporary spring soil humidity. It features a high capacity for magnesium absorption.
Paulsen 1103 confers a high vigor to the graft and tends to produce suckers. The variety works well with Syrah, but some affinity problems have been noticed with Tempranillo.
Ampelographic Description of the Rootstock Variety Paulsen 1103
The identification is based on the following morphological characteristics:
- Young shoot: The tip is half-opened, with a low density of prostrate hairs. The young leaves are slightly bronzed. The tendrils are fairly developed.
- Growing shoot: The shoots exhibit a bushy and horizontal bearing. The shoot surface is ribbed. The internodes show distinct coloration: red on the dorsal side and green on the ventral side. Prostrate hairs are absent, and a low density of erect hairs is present on the nodes.
- Adult leaf: The leaf blade is small to medium in size, wide, kidney-shaped, entire, mate, and rather light green. The blade is slightly twisted with involute margins. The petiole sinus is open. The veins near the petiole sinus are naked and exhibit a weak anthocyanin coloration. The teeth are short to medium in length compared to their width. The lower side of the leaves features a low density of erect hairs, while prostrate hairs are absent or exhibit a very low density.
- Inflorescence (flower type): Male flowers.
Nursery Management and Propagation Features
The mother vine wood production ranges from 25 000 to 50 000 meters of canes per hectare. A certain proportion of the total yield cannot be easily used due to twisted or broken canes. The rootstock Paulsen 1103 exhibits high lateral shoot bud growth, which increases the presence of tendrils and complicates technological operations such as cleaning canes and disbudding. The cuttings possess a moderate rooting capacity, but the variety demonstrates a very good grafting aptitude.