Sypun chernyi
| Variety Passport | |
| Country of origin: | Russia |
| Variety number VIVC: | 12122 |
| Prime name: | Sypun Chernyi |
| Pedigree confirmed by markers: | Plechistik x ? |
| Species: | Vitis vinifera |
| Ripening period: | Medium-late |
| Classification and Use: | Wine, Dry Table Wines |
| Resistance group: | Moderately resistant |
| Data Sources: | Vitis International Variety Catalogue (VIVC), ВНИИВиВ имени Я.И. Потапенко |
| Agrobiology | |
| Flower type: | hermaphrodite |
| Downy mildew susceptibility: | 2 points (resistant) |
| Winter hardiness: | Low frost resistance (-18...-20°C) |
| Fertility coefficient: | 1 |
| Percentage of fruitful shoots: | 64,2% |
| Recommended rootstocks: | Kober 5BB |
| Clusters and berries | |
| Bunch shape: | conical |
| Bunch density: | loose |
| Average bunch weight: | 110 g |
| Berry shape: | rounded |
| Berry skin color: | black |
| Average berry weight: | 1,4 g |
| Flesh texture: | juicy |
| Berry skin thickness: | Thick |
| Berry skin texture: | tough |
| Sugar content: | 20,9-23,4% |
| Total acidity: | 5,9-7,9 g/l |
| Flavor type: | Neutral |
| Ampelographic overview |
Main Characteristics
The autochthonous Don grape variety Sypun chernyi belongs to technical varieties of the medium-late ripening period. It is rarely found in the old vineyards of the Don region mixed with other varieties, as well as in the ampelographic collections of research institutions. The period from the beginning of bud burst to full technical maturity of berries in the conditions of the Lower Don region averages 140 days with a sum of active temperatures of 3144.4 °C. The grape variety Sypun chernyi is characterized by high and stable productivity, which in the conditions of Novocherkassk is 60–70 ц/ha (the calculated commercial yield in covered culture reaches 8.2 t/ha, the average yield per vine is 3.7 kg). The bunches are small, their average weight according to long-term studies ranges from 80 to 142 grams. The berries are small, with an average weight of 1.4 grams, with an ordinary taste characterized by a harmonious combination of sugar content and acidity. The sugar content of berry juice during the period of full maturity varies from 20.9 to 23.4 g/100 cm³, and the titratable acidity is 5.9–7.9 g/dm³.
Morphological Description
Characteristic morphological features by which the grape variety Sypun chernyi is identified:
- Leaf: fully formed leaves are large and medium-sized, rounded in outline and slightly elongated in length. The blade is five-lobed, deeply dissected, and often has shallow additional incisions on the main lobes. The leaf blade is funnel-shaped or almost flat. The upper side is net-wrinkled, the lower side is covered with a cobwebby pubescence of medium density, mixed with short bristles. In terms of leaf morphology, the grape variety Sypun chernyi resembles Plechistik and Tsimlyansky chernyi, but has a noticeably weaker pubescence.
- Leaf incisions: upper incisions are deep and very deep, closed, with an ovate or almost triangular lumen, rounded, almost flat or slightly pointed (sometimes single-toothed) bottom. The lower incisions have similar outlines, being of medium depth, deep, or shallow with almost parallel sides.
- Petiolar sinus: closed, has an elliptical lumen. The bottom of the sinus is sharp or almost rounded.
- Teeth: terminal teeth of the lobes and marginal teeth are large, high, with wide bases.
- Flower: bisexual.
- Bunch: small in size (length up to 12 cm), weakly conical in shape, loose in structure.
- Berry: small (length 13–14 mm, width 12–13 mm), rounded or very weakly oval in shape. The color of the skin is dark blue, covered with a thick bluish waxy bloom (pruine).
- Pulp and skin: the pulp is juicy, covered with a thick and coarse skin that separates entirely from the pulp when consumed.
Features of Agricultural Technology
The variety Sypun chernyi exceeds the classic Don variety Krasnostop zolotovsky in key agrobiological indicators: the percentage of burst buds (83.5%), the fruiting ratio (1.0), and the total productivity of shoots (142 grams). The proportion of bearing shoots per vine averages 64.2%. The grape variety Sypun chernyi was studied in the conditions of the Lower Don region in a covered, grafted culture on the Berlandieri × Riparia Kober 5BB rootstock with a planting scheme of 3.0 × 1.5 meters without artificial irrigation. The variety is recognized as highly promising for expanding the commercial assortment of wine-growing regions, but requires further in-depth study for precise optimization of specific agricultural practices.
Winemaking and Features of the Finished Product
Technological evaluation confirms the feasibility of using the harvest yielded by the variety Sypun chernyi for the production of high-quality red dry table wines. Grape processing according to the classic scheme with fermentation of the must on the skins and regular punching down of the cap allows the extraction of coloring and extractive substances in an optimal volume. The finished wine is characterized by an intense dark ruby color and a clean, delicate varietal aroma of black currant with light, savory thorny notes. The taste of the wine is harmonious, full, with pronounced tones of ripe berries and soft tannins. Physico-chemical indicators of the finished wine material: the volume fraction of ethyl alcohol is 12.3%, the mass concentration of titratable acids is 6.5 g/dm³, the reduced extract is 27.4 g/dm³ at a pH level of 3.02. The high tasting score (8.7 points according to the relevant GOST) proves the serious potential of this autochthon in quality winemaking.