York Madeira
| Variety Passport | |
| Country of origin: | USA |
| Variety number VIVC: | 13336 |
| Prime name: | York Madeira |
| Pedigree given by breeder: | Labrusca x Vinifera |
| Pedigree confirmed by markers: | Vitis Labrusca Linne x Vitis Vinifera Linne Subsp. Sativa (De Candolle) Hegi |
| Species: | Interspecific hybrid |
| Ripening period: | Mid-season |
| Classification and Use: | Dual-purpose, Fresh consumption, Dry Table Wines, Long-term storage, Juice Production |
| Resistance group: | Complex resistant |
| Data Sources: | Vitis International Variety Catalogue (VIVC), Виноград на Дальнем Востоке (Л. Я. Лебедева изд. 1989) |
| Agrobiology | |
| Vigor: | medium |
| Flower type: | female |
| Downy mildew susceptibility: | 2 points (resistant) |
| Winter hardiness: | High frost resistante (-24...-26°C) |
| Коэффициент плодоносности: | 1,7-2,3 |
| Percentage of fruitful shoots: | 61-77% |
| Clusters and berries | |
| Bunch shape: | cylindro-conical, branched |
| Bunch density: | medium |
| Average bunch weight: | 70-80 g |
| Berry shape: | rounded |
| Berry skin color: | black |
| Seed development: | seeded |
| Flesh texture: | juicy, mucilaginous |
| Berry skin thickness: | Thick |
| Berry skin texture: | tough |
| Berry Flesh Color: | Weakly colored |
| Flavor type: | Labrusca |
| Ampelographic overview |
Key Characteristics
The York Madeira variety is a table grape of American origin with a medium ripening period. Full ripening of berries under Far Eastern conditions occurs at the end of September, simultaneously with the standard Alpha variety. The total vegetative period from budburst to harvest ranges from 135 to 140 days. The York Madeira grape variety is valued for its harmonious combination of sugar and acid content in the juice, high palatability of berries, and good transportability. An important biological feature of the crop is its capacity for extended winter storage; even in poorly adapted premises, the bunches can be successfully preserved until early February. The application of the harvest is universal, as the variety is suitable both for fresh consumption and processing into wine or juices.
Morphological Description
- Bush and Vine: the York Madeira grape variety is characterized by medium, moderate vigor of vine growth. The maturity of annual shoots is evaluated as good.
- Leaf: medium in size, oval-rounded shape, three- or five-lobed. The upper side of the leaf blade is uneven, finely blistered, wrinkled, and features a light green coloration with a specific, pronounced mosaic pattern. The lower side of the leaf is light green, covered with dense tomentose pubescence. The upper sinuses are very narrow and slit-like; the lower sinuses are small and open, or in some cases, completely absent. The petiole sinus is closed, lyre-shaped, with a sharp base and diverging edges.
- Flower: functionally female flower type.
- Bunch: medium in size, varying in shape from cylindrical to conical, with a branched structure. The total density of the bunch is unstable and directly depends on weather conditions during the pollination period. The average bunch weight is 70–80 grams. The peduncle is long, thin, pinkish in hue, becomes lignified upon maturity, and holds firmly to the vine, making it difficult to detach.
- Berry: large in size (physical dimensions are 21×19 mm), rounded-oval in shape, dark red in coloration. The skin surface is covered with a strong, dense waxy bloom. The skin is thick but separates well from the pulp. The pulp is transparent-green, juicy, and mucilaginous in texture. The flavor of the berries is pleasant, with a distinct wine-like aftertaste and a delicate fruit aroma.
Agricultural Techniques
This grape variety stands out for its consistently high yield, reaching up to 6 kg of berries per mature bush. Fruiting parameters are characterized by good shoot productivity, with the percentage of fertile shoots on the vine ranging from 61% to 77%. The average number of bunches formed per developing fertile shoot (fertility coefficient) varies within 1.7–2.3. The York Madeira grape variety possesses high natural resistance to major fungal diseases and common vineyard pests. The frost resistance potential of the vine allows for successful cultivation across all key Far Eastern viticulture zones. Planting is recommended as a grafted culture utilizing reliable, proven frost-resistant rootstocks.
* VINEYARD Note: in the source, the York Madeira variety is described based on observations made in the severe environmental conditions of the Russian Far East.